Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, impacts nearly half of American adults, yet many remain unaware of their condition. Dr. Justin Morrison, a cardiologist with OhioHealth, described hypertension as "sometimes referred to as a silent killer." He explained that it can be asymptomatic for many years, even decades. Early symptoms might include headaches or vision changes if blood pressure is extremely high. However, these symptoms do not occur in all individuals. By the time hypertension significantly affects the body, it may cause damage to organs such as the kidneys and eyes.
The condition arises when the force of blood against artery walls is excessively high, making the heart work harder to circulate blood. A reading above 130/80 mmHg indicates hypertension. If untreated, it can lead to heart disease, stroke, and other severe health issues.
Risk factors for hypertension include obesity, diabetes, and an unhealthy diet. Despite these risks, Dr. Morrison emphasized that lifestyle changes can manage and improve high blood pressure. "The most important thing up front is diet and exercise," he stated. He recommended reducing sodium intake, eating fewer fatty and high-cholesterol foods, and engaging in physical activity at least three to four days a week—ideally five days a week for 60 minutes of cardio exercise—to lower blood pressure and aid weight loss.